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A Study of Panic Attacks in University Students of Iran
Authors:Hamid Nazemi  Ronald A Kleinknecht  Dale L Dinnel  Walter J Lonner  Saeed Nazemi  Saeed Shamlo  Ahmad Sobhan
Institution:(1) Western Washington University, USA;(2) Human Resources, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Tehran, Iran;(3) University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;(4) Isfahan University School of Medicine, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract:This study examined the parameters of panic, fear, and avoidance among university students in Iran. Data were collected from 347 students using Farsi translations of the Panic Attack Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Thirty-eight percent of participants reported panic attacks in the past year and 21.4% reported panic attacks in the past 4 weeks when prompted by a broad definition of panic. Men and those with unexpected panic reported greater panic severity whereas women with panic attacks reported greater situational fear and avoidance. Panickers who satisfied DSM-III-R panic disorder (PD) criteria reported greater lifestyle restriction and general psychopathology. The findings provide tentative support for cross-cultural similarity in panic phenomenology and the validity of DSM-III-R PD criteria among university students in Iran. The results are discussed by reference to nonclinical panic research and general themes of Iranian culture.
Keywords:panic  anxiety  Iran  university students  culture
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