发展性阅读障碍的生理基础

发展性阅读障碍是关系人类健康和发展的重要课题,对其产生机制的探讨有利于寻找适当的治疗方法.文章在简要回顾阅读障碍的界定、研究内容和有关理论争论基础上,重点介绍了阅读障碍的神经基础和遗传机制.文章从大脑结构和功能单侧化、完成认知任务时大脑的激活模式、激活时间进程以及视觉巨细胞等方面介绍了发展性阅读障碍者与正常读者之间存在的差异.文章还指出许多双生子研究都发现同孪双生子的阅读障碍同现率高于异孪双生子,尤其是近期的遗传学研究鉴定出几个与阅读障碍有关的染色体,如6号和15号染色体与语音障碍和拼写障碍有关.这些研究结果说明发展性阅读障碍有一定的脑神经基础和遗传基础.

THE BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA

Developmental dyslexia is an important topic concerning human health and development, exploring its mechanisms will be benefit for therapeutic intervention. Based on reviewing the definition, research topics, and theoretical dispute, the authors mainly introduced the neurological and inherit studies. It was found that the asymmetries of brain structure and function, the activation patterns while conducting cognitive tasks, the time course of activation and visual magnocellular were different between dyslexia and normal readers. The concordance of developmental dyslexia in monozygotic twins was much higher than that in dizygotic twins. Studies had also demonstrated linkage of dyslexia to several chromosomes, such as 6, and 15. These results indicated that there were biological foundations underlying developmental dyslexia.