平均分配还是按劳分配:学龄儿童分配模式的发展及影响因素

随着年龄的增长,儿童对不同公平原则的偏好发生变化,资源分配模式相应改变。研究关注当双方贡献不相等时,学龄儿童分配模式的发展及其原因。106名6～12岁儿童在竞争和合作情境下各完成一个游戏,游戏结束后为自己和另一名游戏参与者分配代币。结果发现,儿童在竞争情境中的分配模式没有年龄差异,在合作情境中进行按劳分配的比例随年龄增长而上升,但是整体上在竞争情境中进行按劳分配的比例更高。心理理论能力促进儿童在合作情境中进行平均分配,但是其作用受到抑制控制能力的调节。研究提示了分配模式发展的情境差异及个体能力在其中的作用。

Equal Distribution or Merits-Based Distribution:The Development of School-Aged Children's Resource Distribution and Its Influencing Factors

Children's preference for principle of fairness varies with age,which is accompanied by the change of their distribution pattern accordingly.The current study focused on the distribution pattern of school-aged children for unequal merits,investigating its influencing factors as well.106 children aged 6 to 12 years played two games and allocated 10 tokens between 2 participants after each game.Once in competitive context,and the other in collaborative context.Results showed that,a larger proportion of school-aged children distributed resources based on merits in collaborative context as they grew older,but distribution pattern in competitive context showed no age differences.On the whole,competitive context promoted merits-based distribution.Besides,theory of mind promoted equal distribution in collaborative context,but its effect was moderated by inhibitory control.The current study implies that the development tracks of distribution pattern are distinct in different contexts.Also,individual abilities have an important joint effect on distribution.