事件提示和时间提示对新异干扰的影响—— 来自听视跨通道和听通道的证据

采用Oddball范式考察听视跨感觉通道和听感觉通道中“无关刺激”或“无关属性”的信号提示对新异干扰的影响。实验1和实验2分别比较了听视跨通道和听通道中时间事件提示、时间提示和事件提示三种条件。结果表明：(1)时间提示条件下新异干扰效应消失, 而事件提示条件下新异干扰效应仍存在。无关刺激意外变化引起的靶任务行为受损, 不仅与偏差刺激的小概率和新颖性有关, 而且与干扰刺激与靶子间提示信号关联有关, 这种提示关联中事件发生的提示功能比时间间隔的提示功能更为重要。(2)听通道下新异干扰与视听跨通道结果一致, 无关属性也会起到提示信号作用, 同样事件提示功能比时间提示功能更重要。

The influence of Event and Temporal Information on Novelty Distraction:Evidence from Cross-modal and Pure Auditory Oddball Tasks

Sounds deviating from an otherwise repeated stream of task-irrelevant stimuli (deviant stimulus among standard stimulus) are known to capture attention involuntarily and impact negatively on ongoing behavioral performance (behavioral oddball distraction). The traditional view proposes that the deviant sounds’ low probability of occurrence (relative to that of the standard) constitutes a sufficient condition for behavioral distraction. Contrary to this contention, Parmentier et al. (2010) demonstrated that distraction by deviant sounds is not ineluctable and only occurs when distractive auditory stimuli, though to-be-ignored, act as useful warning cues by providing information as to whether and when a target stimulus is to be presented. The present study demonstrated the role of distracters’ information value; in auditory-visual and pure auditory oddball tasks and sought to disentangle the roles of different types of information conveyed by the distracter stimuli: temporal information (target’s time of occurrence) and event information (the information that a target’s imminent presentation is certain). The results suggest that event information mediates behavioral distraction and plays an important role in both the cross-modal and pure auditory oddball tasks.