积极情绪对视觉注意的调节及其机制

在积极心理学思潮的推动下, 已有研究不但发现积极情绪扩展了空间和时间注意范围、增加了注意灵活性, 而且发现在积极情绪下个体对积极刺激表现出了注意偏向。对这些现象, 先前研究主要以积极情绪的扩展与建构理论、情绪信息等价说等理论来加以解释。但这些理论主要从宏观上强调情绪信息对注意加工的启动或积极情绪对注意资源分布的调节, 并不能清楚地揭示积极情绪对注意调节的内在机制。神经生化机制研究发现, 这些现象可能与多巴胺系统对注意控制能力的调节以及积极情绪对初级视觉皮层编码的调节有关。将来研究者可以基于不同的种类的注意选择和注意模型来进一步拓展积极情绪对注意调节的研究, 同时注重对其机制的探讨和理论的整合与创新。

The Effect of Positive Mood on Visual Attention and Its Mechanism

Driven by positive psychology, existing studies have shown that positive mood can not only broaden the scope of space and temporal attention and increase attention flexibility, but also bias people’s attention in positive mood towards positive stimuli. Previous studies interpreted the phenomenon of positive mood effect on attention based on such theories as broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and affect as information. However, these theories mainly emphasized the prime effect of mood on attention and the modulation effect on attention resource distribution, and therefore its specific mechanisms underlying them is unclear. The studies of neural biochemical mechanism showed that the effect of positive mood on attention is associated with the modulation of dopaminergic system on attention control and of positive mood on the activation of primary visual cortex. Future directions of studying the modulation effect of positive mood on attention should be based on different attention theory models and different kinds of attention selection.