走向整合的智力研究 ——Demetriou的经验结构式认知发展理论述评

基于经验结构式认知发展理论的智力结构包含环境指向系统、超认知系统和加工系统三个层次。环境指向系统用于表征和加工不同领域的信息，加工系统是个体加工信息的操作平台，超认知系统负责监控和调节其他两个系统的认识活动。三个层次的发展既具有各自的特点又相互影响。因此，该理论指出智力结构的发展是一个动态平衡过程，存在三种发展变化模式：自下而上、自上而下和平行变化。智力结构层次内和层次间的发展都要遵循四种变化的机制。该理论作为整合型智力理论有自己的优势，但在概念使用、超认知概念的提出以及执行功能在结构中定位等问题有待商榷

Approaching to the Integrative Research of Mind: A Review on Demetriou's Theory of Experiential Structuralism in Cognition

According to the theory of Experiential Structuralism in cognition, the architecture of developing mind included three levels: environment-oriented system, hypercognitive system, and processing system. Different types of information from environment were represented and processed in the environment-oriented system. The processing system was in charge of the information processing. Meanwhile the two systems were monitored and regulated by the hypercognitive system. Because these three levels were independent and interacting developmentally, the developing mind was a dynamic system and there were three models of changes: bottom-up, top-down and horizontal changes. The development in and between levels obeying four mechanisms of the development were also introduced. As an integrative theory of mind, it had its predominance as well as some details need to be discussed, such as the inconsistent conceptions, the doubts about hypercognition and the role of executive function in mind.