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Factors affecting responses to Likert type questionnaires: introduction of the ImpExp,a new comprehensive model |
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| Authors: | Boaz Shulruf John Hattie Robyn Dixon | ||
| Affiliation: | (1) Faculty of Education, The University of Auckland, Epsom Campus, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand;(2) Department of Labour, Government of New Zealand, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand;(3) Faculty of Education, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand;(4) School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand | ||
| Abstract: | The major purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model describing the effects of response sets within the theory framework of the stages of responding to questionnaires, and taking into account the effects of collectivist and individualist attributes within cross-cultural contexts. The introduction of this model aims to provide a construct that may help minimize biases in questionnaire-based research as well as providing new directions for theoretical and empirical research in the field of response sets.
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| Keywords: | KeywordHeading" >Keyword Questionnaire Cross-cultural Response sets Likert scales Collectivism– Individualism | ||
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