在美国样本中母亲抑郁症状与儿童退缩的关系:教养行为的中介作用

本研究通过使用美国国家儿童健康与人类发育研究所的纵向研究数据建立分层线性模型，探究在儿童的早期发展中，母亲抑郁症状对儿童的社会性退缩的影响，以及母亲的教养行为在这一关系中的中介作用，结果发现：（1）在儿童24~54个月期间，随着母亲抑郁症状的升高，儿童的社会性退缩也随之升高；（2）母亲抑郁症对儿童社会性退缩的影响存在着性别差异，与女孩相比，男孩的社会性退缩更容易受到母亲抑郁症状的影响；（3）在男孩中，消极的教养行为在母亲抑郁症状与男孩的社会性退缩之间起到了中介作用，而在女孩中，这一中介作用并不显著。

The Relation between Mothers' Depressive Symptoms and Child Withdrawal in a U.S. Sample: The Mediational Role of Parenting Behavior

This study aims to explore the association between maternal depression and child withdrawal by means of longitudinal research, to understand how changes in depressive symptoms among mothers may lead to changes in child withdrawal over time, and to understand the role of particular kinds of parenting in these associations. Data for the present study came from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. The data were analyzed using lierarchical linear modeling. The results showed that the correlation of children's withdrawal behavior and maternal depressive symptoms during 24 and 54 months was significant. All the three types of parenting were positively correlated with maternal depressive symptoms and children's withdrawal, except that parenting and child withdrawal were not significantly correlated at 54 months. Even though child withdrawal at 24 months was predicted by across-dyad variance in mother's early depressive symptoms regardless of the child's gender, the relation of within-dyad changes in the mother's depressive symptoms to the child withdrawal from 24 to 54 months was dependent on the child's gender. Changes in the mother's depressive symptoms predicted more changes in the withdrawal of boys than girls. Also, negative parenting mediated this relation only for boys. This suggests that, compared with girls, boys start to become more vulnerable to develop withdrawal from two years old if they have mothers with depressive symptoms.