误导信息干扰引发的错误记忆研究

本研究借鉴GSS的测验程序，以学习材料视觉呈现、团体实验的形式，在人工条件下模拟了目击者记忆过程．通过操纵材料呈现时间（20秒、40秒）与测验次数（初测、重测）两个变量，考察了该情境下错误记忆的内在机制及其动态变化特点。并进一步研究该情境下受暗示性与社会期望、自尊、心理控制源以及视觉想象生动性的关系。实验发现，40秒比20秒条件下，真实记忆效果更好，错误记忆效果更少；重测比初测时错误记忆更多。可见，真实记忆量的差异是影响错误记忆的主要因素：错误记忆较为顽固，产生后呈增加趋势。相关分析还发现，受暗示性的各种指标（yiddl、yidd2、yidd3和shift）与社会期望、自尊、心理控制源、视觉想象生动性等因素均无显著相关．与桔试的自由回忆成绩成显著负相关。

A Study on False Memory Induced by Misleading Information

Using the procedure of Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale,the experiment simulated the process of eyewitness memory by presenting the study materials in visual form and testing the subjects in groups.By manipulating presentation time of study materials(20s,40s) and testing times(test,retest),the researchers investigated the mechanism and dynamic features of false memory.In addition,the researchers investigated the relationship of suggestibility with social desirability,self-esteem,focus of control,and visual vividness of imagery in this situation.The experiment shows that compared to the 20s condition,true memories are more,and false memories are fewer in the 40s condition;after the retest,false memory increased.It suggests that the quantity of true memory is the main factor which influences false memory;the false memory effect is strong,for it increases after it begins.The correlation analysis suggests that the indices of suggestibility(yield1,yield2,yield3 and shift) have no significant relationship with social desirability,self-esteem,focus of control and visual vividness of imagery,but have a significant correlation with the subjects' free-recall scores.