抚养困难与教养行为的关系及其调节因素

本研究考察了567名2-5岁幼儿母亲的抚养困难与教养行为的关系,并进一步探讨了在高抚养困难情景下母亲教养行为的可能调节因素.结果发现(1)幼儿母亲的抚养困难感受总分与其教养行为的各个侧面均有非常显著的相关,母亲抚养困难程度越高,则其敏感性、参与性、积极情感及对儿童发展的指导性均较低,而其对儿童的消极情感较多;(2)回归分析表明,来自儿童侧面的"积极强化缺乏"、"多动/注意分散"、"不良心境"与"过度要求"以及来自母亲侧面的"缺乏依恋"、"缺乏能力感"等方面的抚养困难是预测母亲教养行为的重要因素;(3)在母亲抚养困难较高的情况下,夫妻双方的受教育水平分别对母亲教养行为的一些侧面具有调节作用.

Parentin; Difficulties and Parenting Behaviors: Their Relation and Mediating Factors

This study examined the relation between parenting difficulties and parenting behaviors and the possible mediating roles of parents',educational background and marital relationship among 567 mothers with children aged 2 5 year old. With the level of parenting difficulties increasing, mothers' sensitivity, involvement,positive affection and developmental fostering behaviors decreased, and mothers expressed more negative affection toward their children. The multiple regression analysis showed that parenting difficulties from arising children's reinforcement for parents, hyperactivity/distraction, negative mood,demandingness as well as from mothers' attachment to children and sense of competence were significant predictors for maternal parenting behaviors. When mothers suffered higher level of parenting difficulty,parents' educational background played an important mediating role for maternal parenting behaviors.