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Free construction of time from events
Authors:S K Thomason
Institution:(1) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, B.C., Canada
Abstract:Conclusions and conjectures Some may be of the opinion that one event can begin before another only by virtue of the existence of some event (a ldquowitnessrdquo) which wholly precedes the other and does not wholly precede the one (and similarly for ldquoends beforerdquo and ldquodoes not abutrdquo). Those would prefer 
$$\mathbb{F}$$
0 to 
$$\mathbb{F}$$
as a model for observers' apprehensions of events. Since G is a functor from 
$$\mathbb{M}$$
to 
$$\mathbb{F}$$
0, the current construction (restricted to 
$$\mathbb{F}$$
0) remains applicable.This work supports a claim that the psychologically fundamental temporal relationships are ldquowholly precedesrdquo, ldquobegins beforerdquo, ldquoends beforerdquo and ldquoabutsrdquo. But only in a very weak sense. Any other set of relationships which is interdefinable with this one, using only quantifier-free formulas in the definitions, could be used to define a category 
$$\mathbb{F}$$
prime which is indistinguishable from 
$$\mathbb{F}$$
(because the same functions preserve and reflect the new relationships). This work equally supports the claim that those relationships are the psychologically fundamental ones, or the claim that it is just ldquowholly precedesrdquo which is fundamental, and that we perceive ldquobegins beforerdquo just by virtue of witnesses. But it refutes the claim that only ldquowholly precedesrdquo is fundamental, and that we understand ldquobegins beforerdquo only because we understand time as a linear ordering.
Keywords:
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