初中生亲子冲突、朋友冲突对孤独感的影响及其性别差异：一项交叉滞后研究

对1330名初中生进行间隔一年的追踪测试,通过交叉滞后的方法探讨亲子冲突、朋友冲突和孤独感之间的相互作用。结果发现,对男生而言,先前亲子冲突对随后朋友冲突和孤独感预测作用不显著,而朋友冲突与孤独感为相互预测关系,亲子冲突和朋友冲突不存在显著预测关系;对女生而言,先前亲子冲突可以显著正向预测随后孤独感,而朋友冲突则不能,亲子冲突与朋友冲突为相互预测关系。结论：朋友冲突对男生的孤独感影响更大,亲子冲突对女生的孤独感影响更大。

The Influence of Stereotype on Information Encoding in Impression Formation

The self-paced reading technique and implicit memory test were used to explore the influence of stereotype on the encoding of different types of information in the process of impression formation. It was found that owing to the influence of stereotype, more attention was allocated to stereotype-inconsistent information, which was evident when cognitive resources were scarce. It was also found that when resources were limited, stereotype facilitated the perceptual encoding of inconsistent information and inhibited that of consistent information; meanwhile stereotype facilitated the conceptual encoding of consistent information and inhibited that of inconsistent information. Those results provided supports for the "Encoding Filter Model", but were inconsistent with the predictions of the "Schema Filter Model" and the "Associative Network Model".