The Ecological Validity of Delay Aversion and Response Inhibition as Measures of Impulsivity in AD/HD: A Supplement to the NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of AD/HD |
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| Authors: | Mary V. Solanto Howard Abikoff Edmund Sonuga-Barke Russell Schachar Gordon D. Logan Tim Wigal Lily Hechtman Stephen Hinshaw Elihu Turkel |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Schneider Children's Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York;(2) Division of Child Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York;(3) New York University Child Study Center, New York, New York;(4) Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK;(5) Department of Child Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;(6) Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois;(7) Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California;(8) Division of Child Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;(9) Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California;(10) Department of Psychiatry, Hillside Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York |
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| Abstract: | Impulsivity is a primary symptom of the combined type of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). The Stop Signal Paradigm is premised upon a primary deficit in inhibitory control in AD/HD, whereas the Delay Aversion Hypothesis, by contrast, conceptualizes impulsivity in AD/HD, not as an inability to inhibit a response, but rather as a choice to avoid delay. This study compared the ecological validity of the Stop Signal Task (SST) and Choice-Delay Task (C-DT) measure of delay aversion, with respect to their relative utility in discriminating AD/HD children from normal control participants, and their correlations with classroom observations and with ratings of impulsivity and other core AD/HD symptoms on the Conners and SNAP-IV checklists. The tasks exhibited modest discriminant validity when used individually and excellent discriminant validity when used in combination. The C-DT correlated with teacher ratings of impulsivity, hyperactivity, and conduct problems, and with observations of gross motor activity, physical aggression, and an AD/HD composite score. The SST correlated with the observations only. These results suggest that delay aversion is associated with a broad range of AD/HD characteristics whereas inhibitory failure seems to tap a more discrete dimension of executive control |
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| Keywords: | AD/HD children impulsivity inhibitory control Stop Signal Task delay aversion |
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