Group differences in size estimation

Fifty-two subjects differing in sex, age, education and domicile (rural or urban) were given the problem of judging the height of an upright board in a natural setting. A preliminary analysis was made on the basis of the simple initial ratio method, both for the original data in feet and for original data converted to log units. Because the effects of interaction of the several variables made the results of this method inconclusive, the analysis of variance technique, as described by Yates (11) for data where the classes are not equally represented, was applied. This technique showed that, while together the four factors markedly affected judgment, sex had no significant individual effect, age had the biggest individual effect but possibly a spurious one, education and domicile had suspiciously large individual effects, and the effect of the four factors may be regarded as simply additive. The relation of the findings to those of previous investigators is discussed. The authors regard as an important result of the analysis the guidance it offers in the design of further experiments, since it demonstrates the value of equal representation for all classes into which data are to be segregated.Responsible for the experiment and general interpretation.Responsible for the statistical analysis.