The fundamental need to belong: on the distinction between growth and deficit-reduction orientations |
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Authors: | Lavigne Geneviève L Vallerand Robert J Crevier-Braud Laurence |
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Affiliation: | Laboratoire de Recherche sur le ComportementSocial, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada. lavigne.genevieve.3@courrier.uqam.ca |
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Abstract: | The need for belongingness (the universal need to form and maintain positive, stable interpersonal relationships) has led to much research over the past decade. Although such a need is universal, some qualitative differences exist in its orientation. Specifically, two belongingness need orientations are proposed: a growth orientation (a belongingness need directed toward interpersonal actualization) and a deficit-reduction orientation (a belongingness need directed toward interpersonal deficit reduction or repair). It is hypothesized that a deficit-reduction orientation to the need to belong is associated with lower levels of intrapersonal and interpersonal psychological functioning compared to a growth orientation. The results of a series of four studies supported the proposed hypotheses. Implications of the proposed model for future research on the need to belong are discussed. |
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