Causal inference

Conclusion We have examined only a few of the basic questions about causal inference that result from Reichenbach's two principles. We have not considered what happens when the probability distribution is a mixture of distributions from different causal structures, or how unmeasured common causes can be detected, or what inferences can reliably be drawn about causal relations among unmeasured variables, or the exact advantages that experimental control offers. A good deal is known about these questions, and there is a good deal more to find out.We thank the Office of Naval Research and the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center for supporting this research. Proofs of theorems will be found in Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines (1991).