Bidirectional associations between hope,optimism and social support,and trauma-related symptoms among survivors of terrorism and their spouses |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Haifa, Israel;2. Sapir Academic College, Israel;3. Oakland University, United States;4. New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, United States;1. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;3. Department of Neurosurgery, St. Stephen’s Hospital, Delhi, India;4. Department of Neurosurgery, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Science, Hyderabad, India;1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544-5263, USA;2. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544-1009, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;4. Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA;5. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544-5263, USA;1. Department of Neuroradiology, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68161 Mannheim, Germany;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany;1. San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;2. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA |
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| Abstract: | The study examined bidirectional relationships between three key resources of resilience: hope, optimism, and social support, and a range of trauma-related symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety) among injured survivors of terror attacks and their spouses (N = 210). A series of actor-partner interdependence models were used to test the bidirectional dyadic associations. The results demonstrate negative associations between resilience resources of the survivors and their spouses and their trauma-related symptoms. Further, the levels of hope and social support reported by the survivors were negatively associated with the trauma-related symptoms experienced by their spouses, whereas the level of optimism reported by the spouses was negatively associated with the trauma-related symptoms experienced by the survivors. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Trauma Hope Optimism Social support Survivor Spouse PTSD Depression Anxiety Actor-partner interdependence model |
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