Estimating retest effects in longitudinal assessments of cognitive functioning in adults between 18 and 60 years of age |
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Authors: | Salthouse Timothy A Schroeder David H Ferrer Emilio |
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Affiliation: | Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA. salthouse@virginia.edu |
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Abstract: | Several analyses were conducted on data from samples of adults between 18 and 58 years of age who completed the same cognitive tests after an interval ranging from less than 1 week to 35 years. Because the retest interval varied across individuals, it was possible to determine the length of time needed before the gains associated with a retest decreased to 0 and to obtain simultaneous estimates of the magnitude of effects associated with increased age and a prior assessment. The results indicated that for adults within this age range, 7 or more years were needed before positive retest effects were no longer detectable. Age effects in longitudinal comparisons could be interpreted in terms of large positive effects associated with a prior assessment and negative effects associated with age that were comparable in magnitude to those observed in cross-sectional comparisons. |
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