The hypercorrection effect persists over a week, but high-confidence errors return |
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Authors: | Butler Andrew C Fazio Lisa K Marsh Elizabeth J |
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Institution: | (1) Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, P.O. Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA;(2) Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA |
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Abstract: | People’s knowledge about the world often contains misconceptions that are well-learned and firmly believed. Although such
misconceptions seem hard to correct, recent research has demonstrated that errors made with higher confidence are more likely
to be corrected with feedback, a finding called the hypercorrection effect. We investigated whether this effect persists over a 1-week delay. Subjects answered general-knowledge questions about science,
rated their confidence in each response, and received correct answer feedback. Half of the subjects reanswered the same questions
immediately, while the other half reanswered them after a 1-week delay. The hypercorrection effect occurred on both the immediate
and delayed final tests, but error correction decreased on the delayed test. When subjects failed to correct an error on the
delayed test, they sometimes reproduced the same error from the initial test. Interestingly, high-confidence errors were more
likely than low-confidence errors to be reproduced on the delayed test. These findings help to contextualize the hypercorrection
effect within the broader memory literature by showing that high-confidence errors are more likely to be corrected, but they
are also more likely to be reproduced if the correct answer is forgotten. |
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