不同建议来源和关系亲疏下突发事件决策中的框架效应

从建议来源和关系亲疏两个方面对突发事件下的决策框架效应进行探讨。采用2（建议来源：来自普通群众／消防人员）×2（关系亲疏：关系亲密／关系疏远）×2（任务框架：正面框架／负面框架）完全被试间实验设计。实验材料以突发事件为背景，根据Kahneman（1981）研究的经典“亚洲疾病问题”改编。采用集体施测的方法，240名来自济南和重庆的大学生参加了实验。结果发现：①建议来源影响被试的决策反应，尤其是当建议来自专业人士（如消防人员）时，决策者表现出偏好于风险的单向框架效应；②关系亲疏导致不同的框架效应，在拯救包括亲属在内的受灾人群（关系亲密）时，框架效应非常明显；但当拯救陌生人（关系疏远）时，决策者表现出偏好于风险的单向框架效应；③当建议来源和关系亲疏共同作用于被试决策时，凡涉及关系亲密条件时决策者不管建议来源都表现出明显的框架效应；而当关系疏远时不同的建议来源导致决策者的决策框架不同。这说明，不同的建议来源和关系亲疏对突发事件下的决策框架效应产生了影响。

The Framing Effect of Emergency Decision-Making under different Advice Sources and Closeness of Relationship

This study investigated the influence of advice sources and closeness of relationship on framing effect of decision - making. The experimental mate- rials were the adaption of the classic ＂Asian disease problem＂ from Kahneman＇ s study. The results showed that （1） the advice source affected decision -making reaction, especially when the advice was from professionals （ e. g. , firefighters） , the decision -makers showed preferences for the unidirectional framing effect of risk; （2） relationship closeness leaded to different framing effects. The framing effect was very significant when the affected popula- tion including the rescuer＇s relatives （intimate rela-tionship） were rescued; and the decision- makers showed preferences for the unidirectional framing effects of risk when strangers were rescued; （3） If advice source and relationship closeness influenced the subject＇s decision -making together, as long as it came to a close relationship, both advice sources all showed significant framing effects. This result pattern suggests that the different sources of advice and the closeness of relationship have an impact on the decision -making under the emergencies.