集体主义内隐观的访谈和调查研究

在扩充样本的基础上进一步探讨集体主义概念内涵,挖掘“集体”的具体指向,明确“集体”构成.研究一通过40个被试的内隐观访谈和质性分析,得到集体主义概念五个方面内容（集体认同、集体优先、联结信念、责任与义务、发生的条件）,指出“集体”的具体指向为泛集体和关系集体,集体主义程度与冲突情境有关.研究二通过102份问卷调查和聚类分析,得到三类集体,即关系比较亲密集体（由母亲、亲兄弟/姐妹、配偶、好友构成）、关系一般集体（由认识的人、亲戚、同事、邻居构成）和关系疏远集体（由本地陌生人、国外陌生人构成）,并进一步明确了“集体”的具体构成.结论认为：集体主义概念内涵包括集体认同、集体优先、联结信念、责任与义务、发生的条件五个部分;集体主义中的“集体”由泛集体和关系集体构成,其中关系集体又分为关系比较亲密集体和关系一般集体.

An Examination on Implicit View of Collectivism

The study attempted to explore the implicit view of collectivism and the meaning of ＂collective＂. In the first research, 40 participants were interviewed. The results showed that the concept of collectivism con- sisted of five dimensions. The meaning of ＂collec- tive＂ referred to an unspecified group and relational group. The degree of collectivism changed with situa- tions. In the second research, 102 subjects were sur- veyed. The cluster analysis showed that ten kinds of others can be classified into three types：the intimate group which consists of mother, sibling （ s）, spouse, （good） friend （ s ） ; the general relationship group which consists of acquaintance （ s）, relatives, cowork-er（ s ）, neighbor （ s ） ; the distant relationship group which consists of stranger （s） who live （s） in the same place/geographical location as person, stranger （s） who live （s） in another country. Taken the data together, it can be concluded that there are five di- mensions of collectivism ： collective identity, collec- tive priority, bind belief, responsibility and obliga- tion, occurrence conditions. The meaning of ＂collec- tive＂ mainly refers to the unspecified group, intimate group and general relationship group.