幼儿前提反事实推理的发展特点和影响因素

本研究选取90名3~5岁幼儿为被试,采用图片故事法和口语报告法测查幼儿前提反事实推理的发展特点以及结果性质和领域知识的影响。结果表明:(1)幼儿前提反事实推断数量随年龄而增多;(2)幼儿产生的减法式反事实推断数显著多于加法式,但上行和下行反事实推断数之间的差异不显著;(3)对反事实推断的影响因素方面,结果性质主效应不显著,领域知识主效应显著,两者存在交互作用,当控制语言能力后交互作用不显著。

Development of Young Children's Antecedent Counterfactual Reasoning and Its Influencing Factors

This study was conducted to explore the development of antecedent counterfactual reasoning of young children from 3 to 5 years of age and the influencing effect of outcome valence and domain knowledge.Verbal protocol and storytel ing were used to test 90 participants.The results showed as follows:(1)age had a significant effect on young children's antecedent counterfactual reasoning(2)young children generated more additive counterfactuals than subtractive counterfactuals,but no significant difference between upward and downward counterfactuals.(3)outcome valence had no direct effect but domain knowledge had a significant effect on young children.s antecedent counterfactual reasoning,and the interaction was also significant;however,the interaction disappeared when language was controlled.