Adapted digital music players for individuals with severe impairments

Portable music production devices, such as radios, cassette players, and MP3 players, have characteristics that make them less than ideal for teaching the cause‐and‐effect relationships that would enable children and adults with severe impairments to control them independently and appropriately. Even when adapted for control with adaptive switches, the relationship between switch closure and on–off operation results in contingency characteristics that can inhibit learning. Some solutions to these problems are described, and for those individuals who can learn with complex contingencies, some promising products are reviewed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.