本族效应的认知神经机制

本族效应是指个体对本族面孔比异族面孔有更好的再认的现象。本族面孔和异族面孔诱发的N170、P200、N200与“DM”效应存在显著差异, 这些脑电成分与本族效应的编码有关, 即对异族面孔编码不充分是本族效应产生的部分原因; “新旧”效应主要从提取角度解释本族效应, 认为提取异族面孔比本族面孔困难。与本族效应有关的主要脑区有梭状回、扣带回与杏仁核等。此外, 丰富的本族面孔知觉经验也会造成本族面孔的右半球优势比异族面孔大。未来研究除了要继续探讨本族效应的某些脑电成分、关注本族效应消失的神经机制以外, 从整合观点探讨本族效应的神经机制也是未来的研究方向。

The Neural Mechanism of Own-Race Bias

The own-race bias refers to the phenomenon that people have better memory for own-race face compared to other-race face. N170, P200, N200 and "DM" effect explain the own-race bias from the encoding perspective, while Old-New effect focus on the retrieval difference between own-race face and other-race. FMRI studies have indicated some brain areas, such as amygdala, fusiform gyrus, post anterior cingulate, which might be involved in the processes of own-race bias. Besides, right hemisphere dominance of the own-race face are stronger than other-race face, which is the result of rich perceptual experience. Future research should explore specific ERPs of the own-race bias, and it indicates that the Neural Mechanisms from integrated prospective will also be the future direction.