跨情境下集群行为的动因机制

群体性事件是当下我国典型的集群行为。本研究通过实验室情景设计的方法, 考察了跨情境下群体相对剥夺如何通过群体认同作用于集群行为, 及群体愤怒和群体效能对集群行为的影响。结果表明：1) 同一触发情境下, 群体认同调节群体相对剥夺－集群行为(意向)之间的关系。一般群体认同凸显的个体在高群体相对剥夺水平下有更强烈的集群行为参与(意向)。这源自群体认同对群体相对剥夺不同水平下群体效能与集群行为意向之间的二次调节。对于特定群体认同凸显的个体, 无论群体相对剥夺水平的高低, 都有较高的集群行为参与(意向)。这当中, 群体愤怒起到了部分中介的作用。2) 不同触发情境下, 群体认同对群体相对剥夺与集群行为意向的调节作用出现差异。该调节作用仅出现在利益无关情境中。此外, 群体愤怒与群体效能对集群行为意向的影响在不同情境下有区别：在利益无关情境中, 群体愤怒的影响显著大于群体效能; 在利益相关情境中, 群体效能与群体愤怒的影响无显著差异。本研究扩展了集群行为的双路径模型, 并为政府预防和化解群体性事件提供思路。

The Motivation Mechanism of Collective Action in Different Contexts

As the representation of social contradictions,collective action in China typically involves mass incidents which refer to the conflicts between certain civilians and local administration.A group member engages in collective action any time that he or she acts as a representative of a group and when the action is directed at improving the conditions for the entire group.This research,consisting of two experiments,focused on the motivation mechanism underlying collective action in different incident contexts (i.e.,instrumental vs.non-instrumental) which were manipulated by using scenarios.The main purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating roles of group identity and incident contexts in the relationship between group relative deprivation and collective action.Moreover,the present study also explored the effects of group-based anger and group efficacy on collective action.The results indicated that: First,regardless of incident context,group identity moderated the relation between group relative deprivation and collective action (or collective action intention).Specifically,when general group identity (i.e.,identity with undergraduates) was salient,individuals with high general group identity were more likely to participate in collective action because group identity moderated the relation between group efficacy and collective action intention at different levels of group relative deprivation.That is,in the high group relative deprivation condition,when general group identity was salient,participants’ collective action intention increased as their group efficacy increased;while in the low group relative deprivation condition,group identity did not have a moderating effect.However,when special group identity (i.e.,identity with undergraduates at a certain university) was salient,participants were very likely to engage in collective action and collective action intention increased regardless of group relative deprivation condition.In this process,group-based anger partially mediated the moderating effect of group identity on the relationship between group relative deprivation and collective action intention.Second,incident context moderated the relation between group relative deprivation and collective action intention at different levels of group identity.Specifically,in the non-instrumental incident context,when general group identity was salient,participants’ collective action intention was better predicted by group relative deprivation;whereas in the instrumental incident context,participants with high group relative deprivation were more likely to engage in collective action than those with low group relative deprivation despite of the nonsignificant difference.In addition,group-based anger predicted collective action intention more strongly than group efficacy in the non-instrumental incident context.Nevertheless,group-based anger and group efficacy exerted equal impact on collective action intention in the instrumental incident context.An important theoretical implication of this study is that it extends the dual-pathway model of collective action in different incident contexts at distinct levels of group relative deprivation.Furthermore,the current study provides a useful experimental paradigm involving the successful manipulation of incident contexts in the lab.Regarding practical implications,this research examines the social psychological mechanism underlying collective action in China by examining motivation,thus informing administrators and policy makers on how to monitor and reduce mass incidents in response to public administration.