诚信结构初探

以质性研究的范式, 对中国人的诚信结构进行本土化的探索。遵循质性研究的“目的性抽样”原则, 采取强度抽样的具体策略进行取样, 选择了15名访谈对象。运用扎根理论的一般流程, 以深度访谈的方法收集资料并转换成电子文本。使用Nvivo 8.0质性分析软件对电子文本进行编码, 寻找本土的概念。初步产生292个开放式编码和关联式编码7个：“诚实、信用、信任、责任心、层次性、关联性、相互性”; 形成1个核心式编码：“诚信及其结构”。最后构建了两个理论：1)诚信由诚实、信用、信任和责任心四因素构成; 2)诚信四因素关系特点及其结构。采用原始资料检验法、专家评价法等效度评估和归类一致性指数信度评估对研究结果进行检验, 一致性程度较好, 说明有较好的效度和信度。

Preliminary Exploration on the Structure of the Concept of Integrity

The concept of integrity is greatly valued by people in all societies, and it is drawing more and more attention from psychological researchers in recent years. However, the present research on the trait of integrity is still lack of systemization and integration. No convincing conclusion has been arrived in terms of the core of the concept of integrity for Chinese. In consistent with qualitative research paradigm, the present study indigenously explored the structure of the trait of integrity in Chinese population. Following the principal of purposive sampling, 10 participants (faculty members and graduate students in the west and east areas) were selected and interviewed in the pilot study. After the pilot study, 15 participants were selected and interviewed in the formal study. Among these formal participants, 6 were females and 9 were males, representing groups born in different era (e.g., 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s), with different educational level (i.e., from elemental school to doctoral education) and different work lines (e.g., clerk, merchant, school teacher, etc.). In-depth interviews were conducted by one interviewer between 30 to 90 minutes for each participant and were recorded with participants’ consent. Following the standard procedure of grounded theory, interview data was then transformed to electronic text and analyzed with Nvivo8.0. In the results, four aspects related to the trait of integrity were discussed: (1) Qualitative research path of integrity: in the results 292 open codes and 7 selected codes were generated. Based on these codes, one axis code was formed and was named "trait of integrity and its structure". Two related theories were also constructed: 1) the trait of integrity is consisted of four factors; 2) The relation and structure of the four factors. (2) The trait of integrity is consisted of four factors: honest, credibility, trust and responsibility. In a short word, integrity is honest and trustworthy. (3) Levels of the factor of responsibility: the inner connections among the four factors, and their interaction with the external environment determine the integrative structure of the four factors. (4) Limitation of the present study: satisfactory preliminary indices of reliability and validity of the present study were obtained. However, the exterior validity still waits for further exploration since it is usually limited in qualitative studies. Nevertheless, the theory regarding the factor composition, inner relationship and structure of the trait of integrity obtained from the present study is meaningful in both theory and practice. The future studies may develop a scale to further explore the structure of the trait of integrity for Chinese, with an aim to testify the results obtained from the present study. In this way, the exterior validity of the present study may be developed.