The costs and benefits of memory conformity |
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Authors: | Antonio Jaeger Paula Lauris Diana Selmeczy Ian G Dobbins |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA |
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Abstract: | We examined the influence of external recommendations on memory attributions. In two experiments, participants were led to
believe that they were viewing the responses of two prior students to the same memoranda they were currently judging. However,
they were not informed of the reliability of these fictive sources of cues or provided with performance feedback as testing
proceeded. Experiment 1 demonstrated improvement in the presence of reliable source cues (75% valid), as compared to uncued
recognition, whereas performance was unaltered in the presence of random cues provided by an unreliable source (50% valid).
Critically, participants did not ignore the unreliable source, but instead appeared to restrict cue use from both sources
to low-confidence trials on which internal evidence was highly unreliable. Experiment 2 demonstrated that participants continued
to treat an unreliable source as potentially informative even when it was predominantly incorrect (25% valid), highlighting
severe limitations in the ability to adequately discount unreliable or deceptive sources of memory cues. Thus, under anonymous
source conditions, observers appear to use a low-confidence outsourcing strategy, wherein they restrict reliance on external
cues to situations of low confidence. |
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Keywords: | |
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