Examining the basis for illusory recollection: The role of remember/know instructions |
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Authors: | Lisa Geraci David P McCabe |
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Institution: | Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA. lgeraci@tamu.edu |
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Abstract: | Curiously, studies using the remember/know paradigm to measure recollective experience show that people often vividly remember
events that never occurred, a phenomenon referred to asillusory recollection. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that false remember responses in the converging associates, or Deese/Roediger-McDermott
(DRM) paradigm, reflect accurate memory for the study episode, rather than false recollection of critical lures. To test this
hypothesis, we used standard remember instructions that emphasized recollection of the study context by allowing participants
to use memory of surrounding list items as evidence for recollection, or we used modified instructions that did not include
memory for surrounding list items as a basis for recollection. Results showed that, as compared with the standard instruction
condition, the modified instructions selectively reduced reports of false remember responses to critical lures, but did not
affect remember responses to studied items. By contrast, remember responses to critical lures were unaffected by an instruction
condition that excluded the use of voice information as evidence for remembering. These results suggest that remember responses
to falsely recognized items are driven partly by retrieval of studied items, rather than illusory recollection of the critical
lures themselves. They further point to the importance of instructions in influencing subjective reports. |
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