再认的两种机制及其与启动效应的关系

通过两个实验对两种再认所涉及的心理机制及其与启动效应的关系进行探讨。实验一用高频字和低频字作实验材料，分别测量集中注意和分散注意条件下，两种再认的成绩。结果表明：学习阶段的注意分散使以提取为基础的再认成绩下降，对以熟悉性为基础的再认成绩没有影响。低频字以熟悉性为基础的再认优于高频字，但字频对以提取为基础的再认没有影响。实验二分别测量两种再认项目的补笔正确率。结果表明：以熟悉性为基础的再认的补笔正确率显著高于以提取为基础的再认的补笔正确率。据此可以推论：两种再认可能有不同的心理机制。以提取为基础的再认属于有意识记忆的范畴，以熟悉性为基础的再认属于无意识记忆的范畴。后者和启动效应的心理基础可能是共同的。

THE TWO MECHANISMS OF RECOGNITION ANDPRIMING EFFECTS

The results of two experiments are reported which involved the recognition process of RR(Retrieved-based recognition)items and FR(Familiaritybased recognition)items.In this study,the functional relationship between RR and FR and the relationship between kinds of recognition and priming were investigated in two experiments.RR and FR in undivided attention condition were respectively compared with those in divided attention condition in experiment 1,which used low-frequency words and high- frequency words as material.The results indicated that dispersed attention while studying progressively impaired RR,but PR was not affected by dispersed attention.Lowfrequency words,relative to high-frequency words,enhanced FR but did not influence RR.A second experiment respectively measured word fragment completion rate in RR and FR.The results showed that word fragment completion rate in FR was higher than that in RR. The findings implied that the components in RR and FR were very different: RR was conscious and FR was unconscious.FR and priming perhaps share a common function.