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Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge |
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| Authors: | Adam L. Alter Joshua Aronson Cordaro Rodriguez |
| Affiliation: | a Stern School of Business, New York University, Tisch Hall, 40 West 4th Street, New York, NY 10012, United States b Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, 182 Washington Square East, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States c Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States d Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, United States |
| Abstract: | In two experiments, we found that the performance-inhibiting consequences of stereotype threat were eliminated when the threat was subtly reframed as a challenge. In Experiment 1, Black school children in North Carolina completed a 10-item mathematics test. Participants who reported their race before taking the test performed more poorly than participants who reported their race after completing the test, unless the test was framed as a challenge. Experiment 2 replicated this effect with undergraduates at a prestigious university. When reminded that they graduated from high schools that were poorly represented at the university, they performed more poorly than their peers on a math test. However, when the test was reframed as a challenge, this threat had no effect on their performance. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical applications for both educational and athletic training. |
| Keywords: | Stereotype threat Appraisal Threat Challenge |
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