Spontaneous alternation and pattern of reinforcement

In Experiment I, rats were given one pair of trials per day in a T-maze; group RN were rewarded on the first trial only, NR were rewarded on the second trial only, while RR were rewarded on both trials. Alternation was approximately the same for all groups, and there was little decline in alternation over 28 days. There was, however, a difference in the choice behaviour on trials when rats failed to alternate, NR and RR, but not RN, choosing according to a position preference. These results are incompatible with several earlier theories of spontaneous alternation, and the hypothesis was put forward that alternation is initially part of an exploratory tendency, but that, when the maze becomes explored, the exploratory tendency dies down, and alternation only continues when rats have been reinforced (primarily or secondarily) for alternating. This hypothesis was tested in a second experiment, similar to the first but in which one group of rats was not rewarded on either trial; as predicted, this group showed significantly more decline in alternation than rewarded rats.