工作记忆、加工速度和推理能力对小学儿童策略适应性的影响

研究选取89名小学三~五年级学生,探讨工作记忆、加工速度、推理能力以及年龄对小学儿童策略适应性的影响。通过路径分析发现:(1)工作记忆和推理能力对策略适应性有直接效应;工作记忆通过推理能力对策略适应性产生间接效应;加工速度通过"加工速度→工作记忆→策略适应性"和"加工速度→工作记忆→推理能力→策略适应性"两条路径对策略适应性起间接作用;在三个因素中,工作记忆对策略适应性的总效应最大,而推理能力对策略适应性的直接效应最大。(2)年龄对加工速度和推理能力有直接效应,但对工作记忆的效应不显著;年龄对策略适应性不产生直接效应,年龄通过"年龄→加工速度→工作记忆→策略适应性"、"年龄→加工速度→工作记忆→推理能力→策略适应性"和"年龄→推理能力→策略适应性"三条路径对策略适应性产生间接影响。

Effect of Working Memory, Processing Speed and Reasoning Ability On Strategy Adaptation in Children

Path analysis was used to explore the impacts of working memory, processing speed and reasoning ability on grade 3 to 5 students' strategy adaptivity. The effects of the three factors on strategic adaptation were analyzed systematically. The results indicate that, (1) the total effects of working memory, reasoning ability and processing speed on strategic adaptation are descending. Both reasoning ability and working memory have direct effects on strategic adaptaction, but the former is bigger. (2) Working memory has indirect effect on strategic adaptation via reasoning ability. Processing speed doesn't have direct effect, but there are two paths for it to produce indirect effect. (3) Age has direct effect on processing speed and reasoning ability, but it has no significant effect on working memory. (4) There is no direct effect of age on strategic adaptation, but there are three paths for age to produce indirect effect on strategic adaptation. The development of strategy adaptivity is based on working memory and reasoning ability.