亚威信仰与古代以色列社会——歌德瓦与马克思主义社会学圣经批评

圣经社会学批评是当代影响最大的圣经批评学流派之一,源自现代圣经批评学,但将社会学理论系统地运用到圣经批评中形成圣经社会学批评,则始于上世纪六七十年代。歌德瓦是圣经社会学批评的奠基人之一。他成功地将马克思主义社会学理论引入到圣经批评学之中,重构了以亚威崇拜为中心的古代以色列社会。他从"反抗模式"出发,论述了亚威信仰和崇拜源于受压迫的乡村农牧民,他们平等的社会关系导致了亚威信仰的诞生;亚威崇拜对早期以色列社会的作用不仅产生一套"伦理规范",更是深入社会结构深层的权力象征,在以色列人的社会、经济和文化方面发挥着独特功能,是维系以色列共同体平等的社会关系和抵御外来侵略不可或缺的力量。

"The Worship of Yahweh"and the Ancient Israelite Society: Norman K.Gottwald and Marxist Biblical Criticism

The Biblical Social-scientific criticism is one of the most important schools of contemporary Biblical Criticism, which source is from modern scientific criticism, but systematically exerted sociological theory to the Biblical criticism and set up Biblical Social-scientific criticism, begins sixties in the last century. Norman K.Gottwald is one of the founders of Biblical sociological criticism. He successfully introduces Marxist sociological theory into Biblical Criticism, and reconstructed the ancient Israelite society around worship of Yahweh. Starting from "The Model of Revolt", he discusses that the worship and faith of Yahweh takes place in the oppressed class of the rural farmers and herdsmen, whose social relations of equality had led to the birth of faith and worship of Yahweh. The faith and worship of Yahweh not only brings a set of "ethics", but is the power symbol deeply into social structure, plays a unique function in Israel’s social, economic and culture, and also is an indispensable force in maintaining equality of the Israelite community of social relations and resisting external aggression.