Exploring the retirement from sport decision-making process based on the transtheoretical model |
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| Authors: | Sunghee Park David Tod David Lavallee |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK;2. Department of Sport & Exercise Science, Aberystwyth University, UK;1. Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan;3. Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Academic Medical Center / VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;5. World Players'' Union (FIFPro), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands;6. Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Dongchuan Road 800, 200240 Shanghai, China;2. University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Sport Sciences, PO Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland;3. University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Psychology, PO Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland;4. KIHU – Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyvaskyla, Finland;1. University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, USA;2. Seattle Children''s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, USA;3. Harvard University, Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, USA;4. Boston Children''s Hospital, Division of Sports Medicine, Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, USA;5. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, USA;6. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA;1. Karlstad University, Sweden;2. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France;3. Université Grenoble Alpes, France;4. Southern Cross University, Australia;1. Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Springfield College, USA;1. School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom;2. School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, United Kingdom;3. School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, United Kingdom;4. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to complement and extend the current knowledge of the particular stages of athletes’ career transition process through employing the transtheoretical model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984) as a theoretical framework. More specifically, the current study aimed to explore Korean elite tennis players’ career transition process through focusing on their retirement decision-making process, including their cognitive and behavioral changes and internal and external influences for their decisions during the final stages of their sport careers and the retirement decision-making process.DesignWe employed focus groups.MethodsA total of 12 participants took part in one of three focus groups (i.e., four current players, five retired players, and three coaches) that focused on the process of athletes' retirement decision-making. All participants (seven males and five females; Mean age = 31.25, SD = 3.49 years) were either current or former Korean elite-level tennis players. The data were thematically content analyzed.ResultsThe results revealed three themes: (a) readiness for retirement, (b) psychological and emotional responses during the decision-making process, and (c) coping strategies; and showed that athletes’ decision-making at the end of their sports careers is a dynamic process, accompanied by various emotional responses requiring different coping strategies at different stages.ConclusionFindings indicated that the transtheoretical model helped to explain athletes’ decision-making in retiring from sport and suggested to the need to provide different interventions at different stages. Identifying detailed aspects of readiness for retirement and examining the effectiveness of interventions grounded in the transtheoretical model are recommended as future research directions. |
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