On the historical and conceptual background of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test |
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Authors: | Eling Paul Derckx Kristianne Maes Roald |
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Institution: | Radboud University Nijmegen, Nici, Biological Psychology, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. p.eling@nici.ru.nl |
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Abstract: | In this paper, we describe the development of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We trace the history of sorting tasks from the studies of Narziss Ach on the psychology of thinking, via the work of Kurt Goldstein and Adhémar Gelb on brain lesioned patients around 1920 and subsequent developments, up to the actual design of the WCST by Harry Harlow, David Grant, and their student Esther Berg. The WCST thus seems to originate from the psychology of thinking ('Denkpsychologie'), but the test, as it is used in clinical neuropsychological practice, was designed by experimenters working within the behaviorist tradition. We also note recent developments suggesting that, contrary to the general impression, implicit learning may play a role in WCST-like discrimination learning tasks. |
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Keywords: | Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Narziss Ach Thinking Concept formation Goldstein Abstract attitude Discrimination learning Executive functions Frontal lobes |
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