语文学习困难儿童的工作记忆与加工速度

加工速度和工作记忆反应了不同的认知加工过程,在认知发展研究中,加工速度和工作记忆所起的作用仍存在较大的分歧.采用多因素混合实验设计,在严格控制条件下,比较了语文学习困难和控制组儿童的工作记忆和加工速度.结果发现,与控制组相比,语文学习困难儿童在工作记忆和加工速度方面均存在明显的不足,但加工速度不能解释不同能力组之间的差异,语文学习困难儿童的缺陷在于工作记忆能力的下降.工作记忆的缺陷在于言语工作记忆和中央执行功能的不足,与视空间工作记忆能力无关.语文学习困难既存在一般的工作记忆缺陷(中央执行功能)也存在特定的工作记忆(言语工作记忆)能力的不足.

Working Memory and Processing Speed in Children with Chinese Learning Disabilities

The classic working memory and processing speed task were used as material,working memory evaluation were used as instrument,and undertaking the approach of screening learning disabilities,and 52 middle school students from 3 different secondary schools were used as subjects in this study.The results are as follows:(1) compares with the control group,the Chinese learning disabilities children has the obvious insufficiency in the working memory and the processing speed aspect,but the processing speed cannot explain the different ability group's difference,the Chinese learning disabilities children's flaw lies in the working memory ability the drop;(2) the working memory flaw lies in the verbal working memory and the central executive function insufficiency,with regards the spatial working memory ability to have nothing to do with.The Chinese learning disabilities already have the general working memory flaw(central executive function),and they also have the specific working memory(verbal working memory) ability insufficiency.