幼儿元认知"乐观主义现象"研究述评

儿童元认知发展是当代发展心理学研究的热点领域之一,其中儿童对自身能力的认识与评估又是研究者很感兴趣的课题。大量研究表明,与年长儿童和成人相比,年幼儿童特别是学龄前儿童往往对自己的能力和在各种任务中的成绩作出不切实际的高估,这种高估具有跨领域的一致性,并且具有内在固执性,即通常不受过去失败经验的影响。这就是所谓幼儿元认知“乐观主义现象”。本文对这一领域的相关研究进行整体回顾与分析,并在此基础上尝试对这一现象产生的原因及影响因素作出解释和说明。

A Review of Researches on Preschoolers' "Metacognition Optimism"

The development of children's metacognition is a focus of contemporary developmental psychology.Many researchers are especially interested in how children evaluate their own abilities.Numerous studies have demonstrated that young children,especially preschoolers,have the tendency to make unrealisticly high judgement of their own abilities and correspondingly overestimate their own performance in many kinds of tasks across a wide range of domains.Some researchers refer to this tendency as "metacognition optimism".This paper reviews studies on "metacognition optimism" of young children,especially preschoolers,and attempts to provide some explanations about this phenomenon.