对恐怖情绪的调节：认知重评优于表达抑制 ——一样ERP研究

摘要 本研究采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术，通过测量由视觉诱发的脑电成分晚正波（LPP）来比较情绪调节策略在生理电特征上的差异，进一步探讨认知重评和表达抑制的优劣。实验结果表明：（1）从波幅的角度来比较：在400-600ms时间窗口内，认知重评条件下恐怖图片诱发的LPP波幅显著小于在自由观看条件下的波幅，而表达抑制和自由观看组所诱发的LPP波幅差异较小。（2）从时间进程的角度来比较：认知重评与自由观看组的差异发生在400ms并持续到600ms，甚至以后；而表达抑制和自由观看之间的差异发生在450ms但是只持续到550ms。这表明认知重评相较于表达抑制，对负性情绪起调节作用开始较早，并且持续时间较长。这为认知重评优于表达抑制策略提供了神经生理学上的证据。

Intentional modulation of emotional responding to fearful picture: An ERP study

Abstract: Background: Considerable studies have shown that intentionally altering responses to unpleasant stimuli affects physiological and hemodynamic activity associated with emotional and cognitive processing. There are two commonly used emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, which can reduce our subjective emotion experience and hemodynamic activity. However, there are few researches about the temporal characteristics of these two emotion regulation strategies. Based on pervious reports, t he present study hypothesized that there would be significantly decreased electrophysiological activity during cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression emotional responses beginning around 400 ms post stimulus and lasting several hundred milliseconds. Methods: In the present experiment, we measured the late-positive potential (LPP) of the visually evoked event-related brain potential to examine the effects and the differences of the two emotion regulation strategies. Fourteen participants received instructions to view, reappraise, and suppress the emotional responses to fearful stimuli. All stimuli were emotionally evocative scenes taken from Chinese affective picture system, and appraised before. Results:(1)In the terms of amplitude, comparing instructions to view, the amplitude of the LPP was decreased during instructions to cognitive reappraise and the differences were significant, while the amplitude of the LPP was decreased during instruction to expressive suppression but the differences were not significant. (2)In the terms of temporal part , the differences between instructions to cognitive reappraise and view occurred at 400ms and last to more than 600ms, while the differences between instruction to expressive suppression and view occurred at 450ms and only last to 550ms. Conclusions: the present study displayed that these two emotion regulation strategies can modulate our emotional responses. But the effect of cognitive reappraisal was earlier and more lasting than expressive suppression. These results were evidences to that cognitive reappraisal is more effective than expressive suppression, and is better for people’s physical and mental health. Key words: emotion regulation; cognitive reappraisal; expressive suppression; LPP