The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies |
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| Authors: | Alex M Wood John Maltby Raphael Gillett P Alex Linley Stephen Joseph |
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| Institution: | aDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, England CV4 7AL, UK;bSchool of Psychology, University of Leicester, England LE1 9HN, UK;cCentre for Applied Positive Psychology, Coventry, England CV4 7EZ, UK;dSchool of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, England NG7 2RD, UK |
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| Abstract: | In two longitudinal studies, the authors examined the direction of the relationships between trait gratitude, perceived social support, stress, and depression during a life transition. Both studies used a full cross-lagged panel design, with participants completing all measures at the start and end of their first semester at college. Structural equation modeling was used to compare models of direct, reverse, and reciprocal models of directionality. Both studies supported a direct model whereby gratitude led to higher levels of perceived social support, and lower levels of stress and depression. In contrast, no variable led to gratitude, and most models of mediation were discounted. Study 2 additionally showed that gratitude leads to the other variables independently of the Big Five factors of personality. Overall gratitude seems to directly foster social support, and to protect people from stress and depression, which has implications for clinical interventions. |
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| Keywords: | Gratitude Positive psychology Social support Stress Depression Structural equation modeling SEM Well-being Individual differences Personality Longitudinal |
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