教育现实情境取向的教育心理学研究——德国近十年教育心理学发展的基本走向

摘 要：迄今国内对德国教育心理学的发展状况了解、评介甚少。在全球化的今天，将目光聚焦于曾对心理学，其中包括教育心理学做出过巨大贡献，至今仍在国际心理学界占一席之地的德国十分必要。文章以三种德文教育心理学权威学术期刊近十年发表的论文为资料源进行分析，概括出德国教育心理学的新近发展特点是：以教育现实情境为基本研究取向，以学习者心理研究为中心，以量化研究为主并注重多方法结合，凸现了教育心理学对教育实践的指导价值。德国教育心理学发展的基本走向为：重视校外环境对学习者的影响，重视教与学双主体的相关能力及面临的问题的解决，重视以多媒体网络技术为基础的新媒体的作用、重视整合研究及国际交流等。

The Research Trend of German Educational Psychology in the Past Ten Years:From the Perspective of the Educational Realistic Situation

According to the Science Citation Index and Social Science Index,the psychology research in the United States,Britain,and Germany rank the top three in the world.However,few reviews about educational psychology in Germany can be found in Chinese psychology literature.At an age of globalization,it is necessary to understand the educational psychology in Germany,which has made a great contribution to psychology in the world.Educational psychology emerged relatively earlier than other subjects as a branch of psychology and its birth was marked by the publication of Journal of Educational Psychology on Jan 15th,1899,by Ferdinand Kemsies.To explore the research trends of educational psychology in Germany and provide some guidance for educational psychology in China,the present study analyzed articles published between 2000 and 2010 in three German journals(i.e.,Zeitschrift für Pdagogische Psychologie,Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht,and Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pdagogische Psychologie) which are indexed by SSCI,PsychINFO,and PsyJOURNALS.On the basis of the educational situation model recognized widely by Germany educational psychologists,the research topic on Germany educational psychology can be divided into four aspects,including the learner,the educator and instructor,the media,and the environment.And the aspect of the learner plays the cental role in the whole field.German educational psychologists propose that research methods should be determined by the specific research task,with the experimental method,the semi-experimental method,and correlational research as the main parts and along with other methods(e.g.the Practice and Behavior research method and the qualitative research method).The research characteristics in German educational psychology can be summarized as the following:First,it emphasizes the important role of the realistic educational situation.Second,it focuses on learners’ psychology.Third,it mainly applies quantitative research methods combined with others as auxiliary methods.Fourth,it pays attention to the educational guidance derived from empirical research.In future studies,German educational psychologists will value the effects of the outside school environment on students,attach importance to issues relevant both to learners and instructors,and pay attention to multimedia technology,integration research and international cooperation,etc.