5～8岁儿童二级信念-愿望推理能力的发展

该研究依据信念(正确-错误)和愿望(接近-回避)对儿童的二级信念-愿望推理能力进行了细分,并据此设计了四个二级信念-愿望任务,探讨了480名5～8岁儿童在四个任务上的表现。结果发现,对儿童而言,不同的二级信念-愿望任务的难度不同,由易到难的顺序依次为:二级真实信念接近愿望、二级错误信念接近愿望、二级真实信念回避愿望、二级错误信念回避愿望。

Development of Second Order Belief-desire Reasoning in Children Aged 5 to 8 Years

Belief-desire reasoning is an important aspect of theory of mind,but there is no any systematic studies on children's second order belief-desire reasoning.Based on the dimensions of "true-false" and "approach-avoid" principles,this study subdivided children's second-order belief-desire reasoning ability into four aspects,and explored performance in these four aspects among children aged 5 to 8 years.It is a 4(ages)×4(tasks) between subjects design.The results showed that different second-order belief-desire tasks have different degrees of difficulty for children,which proceeds in an easy-difficult way:second order true belief approach desire,second order false belief approach desire,second order true belief avoid desire,second order false belief avoid desire.