Evidence for processing of constituent singleand multiletter codes: Support for multilevel coding in word perception

This investigation assessed whether constituent codes are activated during word processing. In two experiments, a priming procedure was used to test whether printed word primes facilitate skilled readers’ identification of subsequently presented letter and letter bigram targets appearing in the primes (present condition), relative to the same targets not appearing in the primes (absent condition). Experiment 1 demonstrated the priming of single-letter targets and indicated that priming effects are facilitative and not inhibitory. In Experiment 2, high- and low-frequency bigram targets appearing in word primes were shown to have a processing advantage over bigram targets not appearing in word primes. Single-letter constituents in low-frequency bigrams also benefited from priming; however, single letters in high-frequency bigrams showed no such benefit. The results in general suggest that both single- and multiletter constituents are available during word processing, and hence support multicomponent models of word perception.