2岁幼儿移情反应的特点:与自发帮助、气质、亲子互动的关系

1引言 在儿童早期的社会发展中，社会情绪及其相应的社会行为发展最为关键。由社会动因驱使的人际互动行为，如爱抚、安全、舒适等需要的满足将导致社会情绪状态的重组和发展。在诸多的社会情绪中，移情能力的发展对于幼儿来说尤为重要。移情是对另一个人产生同感的情感反应（Hoffman，2003），它是一种复杂的情绪沟通能力，是在条件反射基础上，在人际互动过程中，通过模仿、强化逐渐形成的。

The Empathic Responsiveness of Children Aged 2: Associations with Child Spontaneous Helping, Temperament and Parent-Child Interaction

Mother-child dyads (n = 66) participated in this project. The empathic responsiveness and helping behavior of children aged from 17 months to 32 months were assessed in the laboratory setting. Child and parent information was obtained by questionnaires. The results showed:(1) Most of the children took less time to give empathic response to their mothers' painful face;(2) The styles of child empathy consisted of verbal comfort, direct and indirect comfort behaviors. Some children had empathic response but comfort;(3) Contrasting to others, the children, who helped spontaneously the research assistant to clean up toys during free play, gave empathic response to their mother more quickly;(4) The children using various empathic styles were found to be significantly different in the activity level and threshold of responsiveness of temperament.