气质稳定性与发展性新进展*

气质的稳定性和发展性是心理学研究争论已久的问题。遗传×环境的研究视角再次打破了传统研究模式，取而代之的是气质稳定性与发展性的共存，遵循传统先天论——环境论——先天论——先天论×环境论的总体发展态势。该视角在拓展气质研究领域的同时，也成为未来研究的主要取向。本文首先综述了由于研究手段的更新和多元化而引发的气质稳定性和发展性两方面的最新实证研究，探讨了稳定性中遗传基因加性效应和非加性效应、脑生理基础以及个体气质发展性的内部、外部影响因素。然后，从研究样本的年龄段、气质的生理机制和儿童气质的纵向研究、亲子互动及师生互动方面的研究等方面提出目前我国气质研究未来方向。

Research Advances in Stability and Development of Temperament

The debate on stability and development of temperament has been taken a long time. Research perspective of genetic × environment has broken through the opposite situation in the traditional temperament study and presents the temperament characteristic both of stability and development, instead of the developmental pattern of the traditional theory of congenital-environmentalism-nativism- nativism×environmentalism. This perspective expands the temperament research field, which leads to research orientation in the future. The paper firstly reviews the theoretical concept and research methods on stability and development of temperament, then we discuss the additive genetic effects and the nonadditive genetic effects in the temperament stability, brain physiological basis and the internal and external influencing factors of individual temperament development. Finally, the paper calls for future research to the aspects of participants ages, physiological mechanism of temperament and the longitudinal study of childrens temperament, parent-child interaction and teacher-student interaction.