Aging drivers and post delineated express lanes: Threading the needle at 70 miles per hour |
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| Institution: | 1. Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Drive, Suite 211, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4111 Pictor Lane, Bldg 99, Ste. 320, Orlando, FL 32816, United States;1. Master of Urban Planning, Harvard University, USA;2. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, USA;3. Urban Planning and Public Policy, Harvard University, USA;1. School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;2. School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia;1. Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;2. 1st University Department of Neurology, Eginiteion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;3. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft, The Netherlands;4. School of Civil Engineering, Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece;1. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;2. Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;1. College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China;2. Traffic Research Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada;4. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China |
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| Abstract: | Post-delineated express lanes represent a combination of driving complexities that are particularly difficult for older drivers to navigate. The narrow geometry and high speeds that are common to this treatment reflect a critical test for drivers whose depth perception, contrast sensitivity, and visual processing speed are reduced. The present study was designed to empirically examine the effects of age and color of express lane delineators on driver behavior. Three groups of participants (aged 18–39, 40–64, and 65 + years old) were required to complete a series of simulated driving scenarios consisting of combinations of single and dual lane configurations, with speed and lane position measured at the beginning and midpoint of each express lane. All drivers were pre-screened on various visual functioning abilities. Drivers in the 65 and older group show significant age-related declines in depth perception, contrast sensitivity, and phoria which were subsequently correlated with a wide range of driving measures including deceleration rate, brake time, jerk, speed, and lane position. Age related perceptual declines were statistically correlated with slower driving speed and wider lane deviations, including a statistically significant increase in the number of excursions beyond the typical 12-foot lane width. Based on these findings, the behavior of senior drivers was identified as a distinct design condition that should govern the design of high-speed, narrow geometric conditions. This age group requires wider lane widths, particularly at the beginning of single-lane post delimited sections, wider buffer areas around the post markers, and dual lane configurations wherever possible. |
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| Keywords: | Aging Driving performance MUTCD Lane delineators Color effect Contrast sensitivity Depth perception Accessibility |
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