Effects of 1 mA and 2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory performance in healthy participants |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, München, Germany;2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Germany;3. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, BKH Augsburg, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Germany;1. Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia;2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia;3. Department of Physiotherapy, Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Monash University, Victoria, 3199, Australia;4. Epworth Healthcare, The Epworth Clinic, Camberwell, Victoria, 3004, Australia;5. Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia;1. Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;2. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;3. Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, England;2. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England;3. Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy;4. Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;5. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, England;6. Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England |
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| Abstract: | Anodal transcranial current stimulation (tDCS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to enhance working memory (WM) in neuropsychiatric patients. In healthy populations, however, tDCS obtains inconclusive results, mostly due to heterogeneous study and stimulation protocols. Here, we approached these issues by investigating effects of tDCS intensity on simultaneous WM performance with three cognitive loads by directly comparing findings of two double-blind, cross-over, sham-controlled experiments. TDCS was administrated to the left DLPFC at intensity of 1 mA (Experiment 1) or 2 mA (Experiment 2), while participants completed a verbal n-back paradigm (1-, 2-, 3-back). Analysis showed no overall effects of tDCS on WM, but a significant interaction with cognitive load. The present study suggests that cognitive load rather than tDCS intensity could be a decisive factor for effects on WM. Moreover, it emphasizes the need of thorough investigation on study parameters to develop more efficient stimulation protocols. |
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| Keywords: | tDCS Working memory Cognitive load Stimulation intensity |
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