The Influence of Feedback on Mood: Linear Effects on Pleasantness and Curvilinear Effects on Arousal |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China;2. Arizona State University, USA;3. University of Huddersfield, UK;4. Xidian University, Xi''an, China;1. Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, OxfordOX2 6GG,United Kingdom;2. Elkem Technology, Fiskaaveien 100, 4621Kristiansand, Norway |
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| Abstract: | We investigated the effects of feedback (grades) on two primary mood dimensions - Pleasantness and Arousal. We hypothesized that (a) cognitive comparisons of feedback to multiple standards yield cognitive appraisals of feedback sign, and that (b) feedback sign has a linear effect on harm/benefit appraisal, which influences mood Pleasantness, and a curvilinear effect on need for action appraisal, which influences Arousal. In Study 1 (N = 281), grades (a proxy for the sign of feedback-norm discrepancy) had a linear relationship with Pleasantness and a U-shaped relationship with Arousal. In addition, subjects who received grades had higher Arousal than control subjects. Study 2 (N = 226) replicated the results of Study 1 and showed that after controlling for the relationship of grades with Pleasantness and Arousal, the sign of feedback-expectation discrepancy (a second standard) also had a linear relationship with Pleasantness and a U-shaped relationship with Arousal. |
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