增龄性记忆改变规律及影响因素的研究

本研究用多维记忆量表对280名50～91岁的老年人做了测查，同时收集了一般资料，以探讨增龄性记忆改变的规律和年龄、教育和职业等因素对增龄性记忆改变的影响。结果表明：随年龄增长，各记忆组合分和分测验成绩均呈下降趋势，外显记忆成绩在70岁后呈快速下降，内隐记忆和日常生活记忆在75岁后才有明显下降；记忆总分、外显记忆和日常生活记忆均受年龄和教育的影响，内隐记忆不受教育的影响。结果提示老年人记忆随年龄增长呈渐渐下降，不同记忆功能开始下降的年龄和下降速率不同，教育对增龄性记忆改变有保护作用。

An Investigation on the Influence Factors and Regularity of Aging Memory Changes

Two hundred and eighty subjects aged from 50 to 91, divided into six age groups matched on sex and education, were assessed with the Multi dimensional Memory Assessment Scale (MMAS) and the demographic data of each subject were collected in order to explore the influence factors and regularity of aging memory changes. The results showed that subtest scores and composites were decreasing with aging, explicit memory decreased abruptly after the age of 70 and implicit memory went down after the age of 75; the test scores, explicit memory, and everyday memory were influenced by age and education; implicit memory was not influenced by education; and gender only affected everyday memory. The study suggested that memory of the elderly was declining with aging,the age and speed of decrement of the separate memory were different, and education had a protective effect on the explicit and everyday memory.