当代功利主义哲学

虽然功利主义自20世纪70年代以来失去了一统天下的地位,但是它目前在当代道德哲学和政治哲学中仍然是一支重要力量。按照其论证的逻辑,我们可以把功利主义分为三种,即行为功利主义、规则功利主义以及双层功利主义,其中后两者是为克服前者的困难而产生出来的,同时它们也产生出了新的困难。然而,无论在理论层面还是政策层面,功利主义在当代西方社会都占有重要的地位。

The Contemporary Philosophy of Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism has lost its dominant position in western philosophy from 1970s,but it is still a strong force in moral philosophy and political philosophy.We can divide utilitarianism into three different types,the act utilitarianism,the rule utilitarianism and the two-level utilitarianism.The rule utilitarianism and the two-level utilitarianism are created in order to overcome the difficulties that the act utilitarianism has been in,but they have made some new difficulties.