Manda suppresses emotional stress-induced stomach ulcers in rats

Manda, a natural product made by yeast fermentation of many fruits and black sugar, has antioxidant activity. In the present study, manda prevented stomach ulcers caused by immobilization-induced emotional stress. Manda [5% manda solution (w/v)] and saline as control, were administered by a canula into the stomach of each experimental animal subsequently after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours from the start of the emotional stress. We classified the severity of gastric lesion formation induced by immobilization with each rat lying on its back for 6 hours at room temperature on a five-grade scale. The control rats all showed congestion and some degree of bleeding in the mucosa of the stomach. However, of the experimental rats, one showed no hemorrhagic lesions only congestion in four cases, and slight or moderate bleeding in eight cases with no massive bleeding cases. The distribution of these data significantly differ from that of the control rats, which suffered the greater damage (X²=10.589,p<0.05). In light microscopic examinations, the control rats showed necrosis in the gastric mucous membranes, desquamation, and bleeding of gastric mucosa. However, the rats treated with manda showed only congestion and did not show erosion or hemorrhage. These results suggest that manda or manda metabolite(s) was absorbed from the stomach and may have produced these action. In the meantime, we are analyzing manda components to try to isolate the active ingredient(s)     

神经外科护士对开颅术患者手术压疮护理体验的质性研究

深入了解神经外科病房护士针对开颅术患者预防及护理手术压疮过程中所面临的问题及真实护理体验。以《定性研究统一报告标准：个体访谈和焦点组访谈的32项清单》为指导,采用质性研究中的现象学方法对8名神经肿瘤外科护士（师）进行一对一的半结构式访谈。共提炼3个主要概念：病房护士预见性护理评估很关键;缺乏科学有效的手术压疮风险评估工具;术后压疮护理措施实施有难度等,共8个次要概念。对手术压疮患者高危因素的识别及风险评估工具的应用,还需护理管理者及决策者作进一步的规范和研究。     

Nitroglycerin relieves emotional stress-induced stomach ulcers in rats

It is known that nitroglycerin (GTN) can be converted to form a nitric oxide (NO) molecule which is a highly reactive and unstable free radical species. NO is known to have many beneficial effects such as relaxing blood vessels, promoting digestive activity, and regulating blood pressure. The first experiment established an additional effect of NO, that GTN can help prevent emotionally-induced stomach stress ulcers in rats. In Experiment 2, we sought to estimate the quantity of nitrogen oxides in serum produced by GTN that is administered subcutaneously to rats. The results indicated that rats administered GTN increased significantly the amount of serum NO₂ and NO₃, relative to values for a control group. Since amounts of NO₂ and NO₃ reflect amount of NO, the administration of GTN significantly increased amount of NO. An implication of this research is that chemicals such as GTN may be used in therapy with humans for the prevention of some kinds of ulcers. Furthermore, while NO is commonly recognized as a pollutant, it has a number of beneficial effects on the body, e. g., it may slow the aging process, contribute to therapy for improtency, and facilitate memory processes.